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href="#css实现固定宽高比" class="header-anchor">#</a> css实现固定宽高比</h1> <p>​		对于经验丰富的前端来说，看到UI图的设计效果，肯定不会按部就班，直接写死尺寸，而是理解UI设计的思路，思考UI设计师想要的效果，然后再进行页面设计。我们经常会遇到，一行卡片，四等分，或者几等分，然后宽高比固定，但是宽度不固定跟随屏幕宽度大小自适应的情况。这时如果我们还是按照高度写死的话，就会使元素变形，很难看，UI验收肯定也是不过的。这就需要我们掌握如何使用CSS实现宽高比固定的技能。</p> <h2 id="请看如下示例"><a href="#请看如下示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 请看如下示例</h2> <div class="demo-block demo-CSS demo-"><div class="source-bg" style="padding:24px;"><div class="fixed-aspect-ratio" data-v-2764039d><div class="title" data-v-2764039d>宽高比1:1(正方形)</div> <div class="brand-list" data-v-2764039d><div class="brand" data-v-2764039d><div class="brand-img-box" data-v-2764039d><img src="" alt class="brand-img" data-v-2764039d></div> <p class="auth" data-v-2764039d>爆米花小布</p></div><div class="brand" data-v-2764039d><div class="brand-img-box" data-v-2764039d><img src="/assets/img/2.f11caf56.png" alt class="brand-img" data-v-2764039d></div> <p class="auth" data-v-2764039d>爆米花小布</p></div><div class="brand" data-v-2764039d><div class="brand-img-box" data-v-2764039d><img src="" alt class="brand-img" data-v-2764039d></div> <p class="auth" data-v-2764039d>爆米花小布</p></div><div class="brand" data-v-2764039d><div class="brand-img-box" data-v-2764039d><img src="" alt class="brand-img" data-v-2764039d></div> <p class="auth" data-v-2764039d>爆米花小布</p></div></div> <div class="title" data-v-2764039d>宽高比16:9(观看视频)</div> <div class="movie-box" data-v-2764039d><img src="/assets/img/movie.3e42aea1.jpg" alt class="movie-img" data-v-2764039d></div></div></div> <div class="meta"><div class="description"><p>以上部分需要上下左右居中对齐，部分左对齐。需要根据内容来自适应高度，整块相对来说对CSS的要求还是比较高的。如有类似的可来这里参考。</p></div> <div class="sourceCode"><div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>fixed-aspect-ratio<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>title<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>宽高比1:1(正方形)<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>brand-list<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>brand<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">v-for</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>item in 4<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">:key</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>item<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>brand-img-box<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
          <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>brand-img<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">:src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>require(`../../public/imgs/CSS/${item}.png`)<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>auth<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>爆米花小布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>title<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>宽高比16:9(观看视频)<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>movie-box<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>movie-img<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">:src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>require(`../../public/imgs/CSS/movie.jpg`)<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;fixed-aspect-ratio&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>style</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>less<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">scoped</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css">
<span class="token selector">.fixed-aspect-ratio</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token selector">.title</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12px 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">padding-left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 15px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 24px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">font-weight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> bold<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">line-height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 32px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #409eff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token selector">&amp;::after</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 24px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #409eff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 50%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">transform</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">translateY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>-50%<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

  <span class="token selector">//第一个示例  1:1 百分比  正方形
  .brand-list</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">align-items</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">justify-content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flex-start<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #f5f7fa<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token selector">.brand</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">calc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>25% - 20px<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0 10px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 8px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">transition</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> all 0.36s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token selector">&amp;:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">transform</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">scale</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>1.08<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">box-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0px 25px 29px 0px <span class="token function">rgba</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 0.15<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token selector">.brand-img-box</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">overflow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">padding-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> //padding的百分比是相对宽度的，因此设置此属性后该 元素高度与宽度一致
        <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token selector">.brand-img</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
          <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
          <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
          <span class="token property">object-fit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> contain<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

      <span class="token selector">.auth</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 18px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #333<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">opacity</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.5<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token property">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

  <span class="token selector">//16:9
  .movie-box</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">padding-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 56%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> //padding的百分比是相对宽度的，因此设置此属性后该 元素高度与宽度比为  9<span class="token punctuation">:</span>16 约等于 56%
    <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> black<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token selector">.movie-img</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
      <span class="token property">object-fit</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> contain<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span></code></pre></div></div></div> <div class="demo-block-control"><i class="el-icon-caret-bottom"></i> <span style="display:none;">显示代码</span></div></div> <h2 id="第一个示例"><a href="#第一个示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第一个示例</h2> <p>第一个示例是一个品牌logo列表，每个品牌的logo形状千奇百怪，不一定是正方形的logo，但是此处明细，我们就是要设计一个正方形的容器来放置logo，然后设置图片object-fit属性为 contain，使其展示logo整块内容，且会是居中的效果。</p> <h2 id="第二个示例"><a href="#第二个示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第二个示例</h2> <p>第二个示例是实现一个宽高比为16：9的屏幕，里面展示图片，要让图片完全展示在一个容器里，和上面第一个示例一样的 设置 object-fit属性为contain，然后同理设置宽高比为 16：9 ，重要属性就是 padding，position。</p> <!----> <h2 id="原理"><a href="#原理" class="header-anchor">#</a> 原理</h2> <p>原理就是利用padding属性的百分比是根据元素宽度来计算的，不设置元素高度，然后使用padding-bottom属性100%，这时候该元素就会是正方形大小了，然后需要将元素设置position定位，否则子元素会占用父元素位置，使父元素不再是正方形，需要子元素使用相对定位脱离文本流，不占用位置。具体实现代码参考上述示例。</p> <h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 总结</h2> <p>下次遇到需要固定宽高比的就可以来这参考一下啦。微信公众号【爆米花小布】等你来关注。</p> <p>【注意】对于上述使用到的品牌logo，如有侵犯，请提前告知。</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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